Montreal is the metropolis of Quebec, two in Canada . The city is located on the island of Montreal , in the Hochelaga Archipelago , along the St. Lawrence , near the Ontario and United States 3 , 4 . It is the center of culture and business of the province .
Montreal hosted the 1967 World’s Fair and the Summer Olympics of 1976 . She is the host of the annual Film Festival Montreal World , the International Jazz Festival of Montreal , the Festival Just For Laughs , the Montreal High Lights Festival and the Formula 1 Grand Prix of Canada . The club hockey for the Montreal Canadiens are elected domicile at its inception in 1909. Its historic district, Old Montreal , has been declared a historic district in 1964
Montreal is considered the second city speaking world after Paris (2.1 million) 5 , 6 , 7 and is the only French-speaking metropolis in North America . Its population is over three times that of Quebec , tria laser hair removal the provincial capital 8 .
In 2010, the city had 1,649,519 inhabitants , and its city nearly 4 million. In 2006, approximately 52.4% of its population was of French culture and language, 32.4% were culture and language other than French and English and 12.5% were culture and English 9 , 10 , making Montreal an intercultural city 11 .
The name of Montreal is pronounced [mɒʁeal] listen in Quebec French and [mɔʁeal] 12 listen in French from France .
Engraving by Pierre-Charles Canot illustrating Montreal and Mount Royal from the St. Lawrence River to the xviii th century
The name comes from Montreal Mons realis , that is to say Mount Royal in Latin .
This is the French explorer Jacques Cartier during his second voyage to America, who named the mountain overlooking the city today. In his travelogue, he says: “And among these campaigns is located and the town of Hochelaga sitting near a mountain around and very fertile and plowed on which we see very far. We named this mountain Mount Royal 13 . ”
Although the first French settlement on the island is called Ville-Marie , how to get your ex back Montreal is the name becomes the name runescape gold of de facto city from the xvii th century , several maps show 14 .
The name became official on 31 March 1831 , date of incorporation of the City of Montreal .
Geography
Location and territory
Main articles: Island of Montreal , Hochelaga Archipelago and Mount Royal .
The Hochelaga Archipelago seen by satellite.
Montreal is 45 ° 31’00 ” latitude north and 73 ° 39’00 ” longitude west. Established in southern Quebec in Canada, in the Hochelaga Archipelago at the confluence of the St. Lawrence River and Ottawa River . The city occupies most of the island of Montreal , the largest of the archipelago with its 482.8 km 2 , in addition to the Ile Bizard , the Nuns’ Island , the island of St. Helena and the Ile Notre-Dame .
The city is located in the lowlands of the St. Lawrence , a large flat valley between the Appalachians and Laurentians . The main elevation of the island, Mount Royal , a hill Montérégie , overlooks the downtown’s 234 meters.
The municipality of city of Montreal covers 359.96 km 2 , it’s municipality enclave Montreal East , Mount Royal , Hampstead , Côte St. Luc , Montreal West and Westmount and shares land borders in the West Island with Beaconsfield , Baie d’Urfé , Dorval , Dollard-Des Ormeaux , Kirkland , Pointe-Claire , Sainte-Anne de Bellevue and Senneville .
The historic center of the city, also called the Old Montreal , is located on the banks of the St. Lawrence River, a few kilometers downstream of the Lachine Rapids . The inner city and its skyscrapers is located nearby on a terrace between the river and the southern slope of Mount Royal , it runs along the boulevard Rene-Levesque .
The downtown Montreal (left) near the Mount Royal (right)
Climate, fauna and flora
Main articles: Winter Quebec and mixed forest .
Montreal street after a snowstorm
Climate data are collected Montreal official at the International Airport Pierre Elliott Trudeau located 36 meters to 25 kilometers west of downtown, coordinates 45 ° 28′N 73 ° 45′E . The Montreal area has a climate humid continental high- temperature range . From 1971 to 2000, the average annual temperature rose to 6.2 ° C 15 . The hottest month is July with an average temperature of 20.9 ° C and the coldest is January with an average of -10.2 ° C 15 . It has an average of eight days each year above 30 ° C and 17 days below -20 ° C . The lowest temperature ever recorded was -37.8 ° C on 15 January Critical Illness Insurance 1957 , the highest temperature was 37.6 ° C , the 1 st August 1975 15 . According to a study published on 5 December 2005 by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks of Quebec , west of southern Quebec would have warmed by 1 to 1.25 ° C between 1960 and 2003 16 .
In the period 1971 to 2000, Montreal has received about 979 mm of rainfall per year with 218 mm as snow 15 . The median date of first snow is between 1 and 15 December and that of the melting of snow cover continues between 1 and 15 April, a total of around five months of snow cover 17 , 18 . The wettest day was the 8 November 1996 , with 94 mm recorded in one day 15 . The fall of snow the largest ever recorded in one day was held on 4 March 1971 , with a rainfall cna training of 43.9 cm within 24 hours during the now famous storm of the century. 26 and December 27, 1969, Quebec’s largest city saw its largest storm with more than 70 cm in 48 hours, a record that still is not falling today. Snow cover was the most important musurée March 12, 1971 with 102 cm 15 .
Like the weather, flora and fauna of the island of Montreal are part of the ecosystem of the mixed forest . Natural environments of the island contain several species of hardwoods like sugar maple , the beech , the linden , the birch , the butternut , the white oak and conifers , such as hemlock of Canada , the white cedar , the white pine and red pine . The most common species are the raccoon , the skunk , the gray squirrel , the black squirrel , the woodchuck and cottontail rabbits , the whip-poor , the blue jay , the peak head red want to download free ringtones and the northern oriole 19 .
Montreal also has an important wildlife commensal . In addition to cats , no no hair removal reviews and dogs and other pets , the pigeons , squirrels, gulls , raccoons and rats living in an urban environment.
Weather record of Montreal (1971-2000)
Environment
The Beaver Lake (Beaver Lake commonly called) of the Parc du Mont-Royal .
Montreal suffered the consequences Environmental its high population density , the urbanization extent, its engine and its high industrial activity .
According to the World Health Organization , Montreal has one of the worst air quality in Canada (second only to Sarnia in Ontario ) 21 . However, with its 11.2 ĩg/m3 of fine particles in the air on average, one can compare the air pollution in those cities of Northeastern United States as Philadelphia or Baltimore 22 . The air quality in Montreal is monitored by the monitoring network of air quality (RSQA) with 14 stations on the island of Montreal. In 2010, the agency has observed 65 days with poor air quality including 24 days of smog 23 .
The water quality in Montreal is monitored by the monitoring network of the aquatic environment (RSMA), which analyzes short of water, streams, inland lakes and storm sewers with 116 stations. This is the Prairie River , north of the island, which displays the water pollution is greater; in 2010, half the stations had rates too high for bacterial swimming 24 .
Montreal, was the industrial heart of Canada for nearly a century, has at present nearly 1,500 contaminated sites on its territory 25 . Examples of Land Reclamation most important include the environmental complex of St. Michael , the Maisonneuve Park and Park Felix-Leclerc, former landfill 26 .
Green spaces
Main article: List of parks and green spaces in Montreal .
Montreal has a significant amount of green space ; its 17 urban parks occupy 6% of the territory of the city, an area of about 20 km ² .
The five large parks the most famous and popular are:
The Parc Jean-Drapeau (259 ha), located on the island of St. Helena and the Ile Notre-Dame , is a public park since 1874 .
The Parc du Mont-Royal (190 ha ), located in downtown Montreal , on Mount Royal , built in 1876 by American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted .
The Maisonneuve Park (80 ha ), located in the borough of Rosemont-La Petite-Patrie , near the Olympic Stadium in Montreal , built in 1912 .
The La Fontaine Park (34 ha ), located in the Plateau Mont-Royal , built in 1874 .
The Jarry Park (35 ha ), located in the borough of Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc-Extension , built in 1945 .
Transport and infrastructure
Main article: Transportation in Montreal .
Road network
Main article: Bridges in Montreal .
Map of the motorway network and major interchanges of Montreal
Although the city of Montreal has the lowest car ownership rate of Canadian and American cities 27 , the automobile remains the dominant mode of transport in the metropolitan area. In 2006, 70% of people working in the metropolitan area on their way to work by car as driver or passenger 28 , this proportion dropped to 53.2% among residents of the city 29 , a number significantly less than the proportion that Quebec is around 78% 28 . On average it takes 31 minutes to the driver of the Montreal area to go to work, a quarter of motorists taking more than 45 minutes 30 .
Montreal is the hub of a network of 1,770 km of motorways built mainly between the late 50s and mid 70s in the periphery 31 . 17 road bridges and a tunnel through the waterways that surround the island of Montreal. They include the Champlain Bridge , the busiest bridge in Canada 32 .
Dividing median island, the Metropolitan Highway (A-40), a section of the Trans-Canada Highway through the city east-west direction. It is intersected east of the city by the Highway Louis-H.-Lafontaine (A-25) and center by the Decarie Autoroute (A-15). The highway-Ville-Marie tunnel (A-720), which runs through the heart of downtown, east-west direction, crosses the Decarie to the Turcot Interchange a freeway interchange on three levels considered the road structure busiest in Quebec. The main collector roads in the city are the Notre-Dame , the Papineau Avenue ( Route 134 ), the Pie-IX Boulevard ( Route 125 ).
Transit
Main articles: Montreal Transit Corporation , Metropolitan Transportation Agency and Montreal Metro .
Station Berri-UQAM , the busiest station of the Montreal metro
The transportation on the island of Montreal is one of the most efficient, fast Kansas City carpet cleaning and punctual in North America, the Transport Corporation of Montreal (STM), which administers the company was named the best transportation in North America by American Public Transportation Association in 2010 33 . In Montreal, 35% of workers commute to work by public transport, 29 and this proportion reached 49% for new immigrants 34 . In total, the STM records 390 million trips per year and is growing in ridership annual 1% 31 .
The Montreal Metro is the backbone of the system of metropolitan transit ; it hosts around 1.1 million passengers per weekday 35 . The metro has 68 stations in four lines that extend 71 km 36 ; the Green Line (1), the Orange Line (2), the Yellow Line (4) and the Blue Line (5). The station Berri-UQAM , located at the intersection of three lines, the station is the busiest. The 759 subway cars are equipped with a rotating air flow and closed circuit underground, their top speed is 72km / h. Each subway station has a particular architecture; we find works of public art in each specific 37 .
On the surface, urban transportation is provided by 192 lines of buses and 8,500 stops served by a total of 1,600 buses and 93 paratransit vans 38 . The bus route is the busiest St. Michel 67 with 43,000 trips per day through week 39 . There are a total of around 1.4 million passengers per weekday on buses the STM 35 . There is more tram in Montreal since 1959.
The commuter train, operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Agency (AMT), for its part, serves the outskirts of Montreal during rush hour. The in downtown Montreal at the Lucien L’Allier station and Montreal’s Central Station . There are about 66,000 passengers per weekday on trains of the AMT 35 .
Terminals
International Airport Pierre Elliott Trudeau of Montreal
Main articles: Central Bus Station in Montreal , Montreal Central Train Station , Old Port of Montreal and International Airport Pierre Elliott Trudeau .
Montreal has four main terminals of passenger transport:
The Montreal Central Bus Station , located near the metro station Berri-UQAM , provides liaison to coach with many cities of Quebec, Canada and U.S. 40 .
The Montreal Central Train Station , a rail terminal located near the metro station Bonaventure , is served by Via Rail , for connections to Canadian cities 41 , and Amtrak , which offers a daily flight to New York , the United States 42 .
The Old Port of Montreal welcomes every forty years of call and more than 40,000 cruise 43 .
The Pierre Elliott Trudeau (commonly known as Dorval), located 25 kilometers west of downtown Montreal, welcomes every year 13 million passengers, 41% for domestic flights, 59% for international flights . The three busiest corridors are Montreal-Toronto, Montreal and Paris-Montreal-New York 44 .
Urban cycling
Main articles: Cycling Network Montreal and BIXI .
Station BIXI on the Boulevard Saint-Laurent
From May to December, 22% of Montrealers use the bicycle as their primary means of transportation ; double the Quebec average 45 . The borough where one has the highest proportion of cycling is the Plateau Mont-Royal , where nearly a tenth of all trips are made by bicycle 46 . There are daily, except winter, between 14,000 and 17,500 cyclists in the city 47 .
Montreal has a network of 535 kilometers of bike paths 48 . The city of Montreal plans to increase the number to 800 km by 2015 49 . The Green Route has 80 kilometers Montreal; sections most notable are those along the banks of the Lachine Canal , the Old Port to LaSalle , and the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve 50 .
Since May 2009 , the city of Montreal has a network of bike share service called BIXI . In 2011, account 5050 BIXI bikes in 405 stations distributed in the central districts of the city 51 . In 2010, 3.3 million BIXI trips were recorded 52 . BIXI has 30 000 subscribers 53 .
Urbanism
Urban area: suburban and periphery
The Montreal area, as seen from space at night free ipad 3 illustrates the urban area of the city
Main article: Grand Montreal .
“Squatting in the center of the plain like the spider in its web, Montreal crushes its mass 54 ”
- Raoul Blanchard , geographer , about Montreal.
The suburb of Montreal is composed of 81 cities grouped together in the Montreal Metropolitan Community . Whole, including Montreal, these municipalities cover an area of 4 360 km 2 and together 3.7 million or nearly half the population of Quebec 55 . They form the 15 th largest urban area in North America 56 and 77 th globally. The main towns on the outskirts of Montreal are Laval ( 399,400 inhab. ), Longueuil ( 232,516 inhab. ) and Terrebonne ( 101,558 inhab. ).
In short the last few years, like the large North American cities, the urban sprawl on the outskirts of Montreal takes place at low density (less than 500 persons per km 2 ) 57 . This trend leads to high operating costs and travel and urbanization of agricultural land and natural habitats 58 .
Planning
Main articles: Assault Montreal and Ruelle (Montreal) .
The high density of buildings along parallel streets led to the tracing of long alleys within blocks of several Montreal neighborhoods
The Highway Improvement in Montreal is the result of the superposition of a checkerboard cut , very common in the larger North American cities, a senior division, composed of ribs and rows, set during the French seigneurial 59 .
At the end of the xvii th century , Montreal is a small walled city, its territory is in Old Montreal today. The Sulpician Francois de Casson Dollier planning the layout of streets within the fortifications in 1672 59 . The xviii th century , the population growth leads to the creation of the first suburbs to the city gates, the Recollet suburb to the west gate, Faubourg St. Lawrence to the north gate and the Faubourg Québec is at the door.
The xix th century , the Saint-Laurent has experienced strong growth, beyond the escarpment of the Sherbrooke Street , by tram. At its heart, the Boulevard Saint-Laurent , rising perpendicular to the St. Lawrence River, which crosses the island of Montreal, became the first north-south artery of the city. Much development will occur from this axis also called the ” Hand ” 60 .
Most subdivisions are built in Montreal before the second half of the xx th century . The grid of streets form of blocks deep, narrow set in rows perpendicular to the St. Lawrence River. Densely populated, they are often interspersed along the length of a lane serving the rear of buildings 61 .
Subdivision streets and De Brebeuf Chambord in 1879 , between the Mont-Royal Avenue and Gilford Street, on the Plateau Mont-Royal .
History
Main articles: History of Montreal and Chronology of the history of Montreal .
Hochelaga and the first explorations
Main articles: Saint Lawrence Iroquoian and Hochelaga (village) .
Village map Iroquoian of Hochelaga by Giacomo Gastaldi according to the story of Jacques Cartier
Although archaeologists have dated the first human presence in the lowlands of the St. Lawrence to the IV th millennium BC. AD 62 , the oldest artifacts discovered on the island of Montreal date back only a few centuries before the arrival of European explorers first 63 .
Jacques Cartier is considered the first European to explore the island of Montreal. The 2 October 1535 , according to the story of his second voyage to America, he landed on the island and went to the village fortified Iroquoian of Hochelaga , which has about 1,500 inhabitants 64 . He called the hill near ” Mons realis “( Mount Royal in Latin ).
When Samuel de Champlain explored the river in 1603, nearly blu cig 70 years later, the Iroquois no longer occupy the island of Montreal and the lowlands of the St. Lawrence. Hochelaga, Cartier described by the village disappeared; historians have never been exact location 65 .
In 1611 , Champlain established a trading post on the seasonal island of Montreal, in a place he called Place Royale (now Pointe-à-Callière ). It must resolve to abandon because they can not defend against warriors Mohawks 66 .
Ville-Marie and the French regime (1642-1763)
For an overall picture, see History of New France and Indian War
Main articles: Island of Montreal (Lordship) , Ville-Marie (formerly of Montreal) , Lachine , Sault au Recollet and Articles of Capitulation of Montreal .
Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve , considered the founder of the city
“It is my honor to accomplish my mission, all the trees on the island of Montreal should they change into an Iroquois. ”
- Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve , in a letter to Jacques Huault Charles de Montmagny , governor of New France
The French colonization of Montreal really begins with the establishment of the Society of Our Lady of Montreal and the founding of Ville-Marie , a missionary colony established to evangelize the Indians , on 17 May 1642 67 . The company has its head Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve , a soldier, and Jeanne Mance , a missionary who founded Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Montreal .
Montreal knows the precarious beginnings. The fifty settlers “MONTRÉALISTES” are often entrenched in Fort Ville-Marie , and some are killed or captured by the Iroquois . This makes agriculture difficult to practice. In addition, the Society of Our Lady of Montreal can not convert Native Americans to ensure sufficient population growth 68 . Maisonneuve is forced to return to France to recruit more settlers in 1653 and 1659 , these efforts brought almost 200 settlers who include Sister Marguerite Bourgeoys , the foundress of the Congregation of Notre-Dame in Montreal in 1659 69 . These new arrivals allow the development of agriculture, which ensures the survival and development of Ville-Marie.
In 1663 , New France became a royal province. It is placed under the command of the Sovereign Council of New France , which falls under the direct authority of Louis XIV . The company is dissolved Notre Dame the same year. Maisonneuve returned to France by Governor Alexander Prouville Tracy 69 . The lordship of Montreal was ceded to the Séminaire Saint-Sulpice in Paris in 1665 . The Sulpicians influence significantly the development of Montreal 69 .
The fur is from 1665 , thanks to French military interventions, a major share of the economy of Montreal 70 . The furs from the Ottawa River to Montreal transit with over 600 inhabitants at that time 71 , 72 , 73 . The Sulpicians are simply the streets of what is now Old Montreal in 1672 . The town was fortified in 1687 74 .
While Montreal is developing, other populated areas appear on the island of Montreal. Upstream of the rapids of Sault St. Louis on the St. Lawrence, a fief is granted to the explorer Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle who founded Lachine in 1669 . At Sault-au-Recollet, north of the island, on the Rivière des Prairies , a mission was founded by the Sulpicians in 1696 .
Capitulation of the French army against the British in Montreal on 8 September 1760 .
Despite several periods of tranquility, the French-Iroquois hostilities are more and more havoc in the colony at the end of the xvii th century . It is one of the bloody events to occur near the Montreal Lachine massacre of 5 August 1689 .
In August 1701 , the Treaty of the Great Peace of Montreal ended the hostilities. 1200 Indians of forty nations of the Great Lakes region and several notables of New France, including the governor of Hector Callières , gather in Montreal for the signing of the Treaty 75 .
The expansion of Montreal continues during the first half of the xviii th century , the first suburbs car insurance appear during the 1730s when the city has around 3000 inhabitants 76 . In addition to the fur trade, the city becomes the focus of a growing agricultural land.
Started just before the Seven Years War , the War in North America opposes the French and British in North America from 1754 . In addition to the citadel of Montreal , the French have at this time of numerous forts on the island of Montreal including Fort Lorette , the peak of the mountain , the height of Pointe-aux-Trembles and strong Senneville .
The outcome of the Plains of Abraham , a British victory at Quebec on 13 September 1759 announced the end of French rule in the territory. Despite a last attempt to retake the city during the Battle of Sainte-Foy on 28 April 1760 , the Duc de Levis was forced to return its troops to Montreal.
On 8 September 1760 , French troops in Montreal, commanded by Pierre de Cavagnal, Marquis de Vaudreuil , go to the army British commanded by Lord Jeffery Amherst 77 . The Treaty of Paris of 1763 marks the end of New France.
British colonial rule and industrialization
Montreal in 1784
The Lachine Canal, circa 1850.
Main articles: Saint-Henri (Montreal) and Point St. Charles .
In 1759 , the French city of Montreal had more than 5,000 souls. After conquering British in 1760 , Montreal was much like the towns French . The base population and the vast majority French was everywhere. But the French-Canadian nation remained a conquered nation. The wealthy classes were mostly English . Although French was the language almost universally spoken, most newspapers, posters, and signs up merchants French were in English .
Between epidemics and major fires, Montreal, then the center of a vast hinterland, developed a strong industrial and commercial bourgeoisie, mainly Scottish and English. However it was served by political unrest in the Patriot rebellion of 1837-1838. The Parliament of United Canada was there between 1843 and 1849 before his fire by rioters English , called to arms by an article of hate The Gazette . The fire spread to the library also destroying countless national archives of New France 78 . Incidents encourage members of United Canada to transfer the capital alternately in Toronto and Quebec, by a vote of 34 votes to 29 against 79 .
Economically, the beginning of the xix th century marks an important transition in the business of Montreal. Its geographical position related to natural communication networks of the city was already an important center of the fur trade to Europe. The beginning of English colonization of Upper Canada by Loyalist Montreal transforms into a hub of supply and settlement in the region of the Great Lakes . The industry of the fur trade – which has dominated the economy for over a century – starts losing relative importance in the hands of the trading and transport activities 80 .
The rapid growth of the city was accelerated by the construction in 1824 of the Lachine Canal , allowing ships to traverse the Lachine Rapids , facilitating communications between the Atlantic and Great Lakes . The second half of the xix th century brought the rapid development of the railway, the creation of a railway line 23 km between Laprairie and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in 1836, and that of the Chambly Canal , opened in 1843 81 . Both infrastructure improve communications with New York , via Lake Champlain and the Hudson River . The construction lines of the Grand Trunk to Toronto and the Maritimes in the 1850s, and that of the Victoria Bridge in 1860, consolidated the vocation of the city. The railway company of Canadian Pacific set up his headquarters in 1880 , making Montreal the railway hub of Canada.
Parallel cottage industry gradually gave way to further industrialization.
Peak and relative decline
The Sainte-Catherine Street West , corner of Union pop up display Street in 1937.
The strong development of banks and other financial institutions at the same time gave the impetus for Montreal to become the financial center of Canada throughout the first half of the xx th century . The city modernized and developed a reputation as an “open city”.
However, two factors contribute to a lasting change Montreal’s economy after the Second World War . On the one hand, there is at that time a vast movement of manufacturing industries Medical Billing And Coding Durable goods to the Midwest and southern Ontario. Combined with technological changes, such as the rise of trucking and commissioning of the Seaway St. Lawrence in 1959, reduce the importance of Montreal as a transshipment center for goods 82 .
A second factor, identified by Polese (1990), holds to the deep transformations that have shaped Quebec society from the late 1950s and the overthrow of the top of the hierarchy of Canadian cities to Toronto. According to the researcher, the Quiet Revolution and the French language society has had the effect of increasing the transaction costs of premium services, making it more difficult to recruit labor to serve a Canadian English 75% 83 . This movement, especially now during the 1960s and 1970s has abated toward the end of the xx th century 82 .
Contemporary international city
The downtown Montreal in 2007
The gradual shift of population towards the west end on decommissioning of Montreal during the following decades. Significant industrial restructuring and development of cultural industries will then give a boost to the city.
The international status of the city was provided by the 1967 World’s Fair 84 , held in conjunction with the celebrations of the 325 th anniversary of the City and the Summer Olympics of 1976 . Montreal celebrated its luster with 350 th anniversary in 1992 .
As of 1 st January 2002 , all municipalities on Montreal Island, with a population of 1,871,774 people , 3,695,000 with the city, as well as with several outer islands that made up Now the Montreal Urban Community, were merged by an act of the Government of Quebec to form the new city of Montreal.
Twenty-seven suburbs have been incorporated into the old city and transformed into districts, against the wishes of some of them, especially English-speaking suburbs of the western sector of the island.
After the election of a Liberal government in Quebec , a referendum on the “demerger” took place on municipal 20 June 2004 . Of the 22 municipalities merged in 2002 who got to have a referendum on the “demerger” following the signing of registers, 15 voted to become autonomous municipalities. This request was granted as of 1 st January 2006, albeit with reduced powers. The city of Montreal and municipalities “demerged” are found within an urban agglomeration council that manages the agglomeration powers (eg police, fire, water, economic development) and cities “demerged” managing skills proximity (recreation, public works, etc..).
Policy and Administration
Municipal Administration
Main articles: Mayor of Montreal , Montreal City Council and Executive Committee of Montreal .
Logo of the City of Montreal
Montreal City Hall
Montreal is a town municipality governed by an independent charter. Its municipal government is divided on three levels; the town, city and boroughs.
The city of Montreal has a mayor read more of the story here elected by simple plurality single-round in every 4 years. The current green smoke coupon mayor of Montreal is Gérald Tremblay , head of Team Tremblay – Union Montreal . The mayor of Montreal embodies the executive in the municipality of the city sits on the agglomeration council , the council and executive committee of Montreal . It is also mayor of the borough Ville-Marie .
From 2001 to 2003, the Quebec government merged 27 municipalities on the island of Montreal City of Montreal. In 2006, 15 of these municipalities broke away. Although these municipalities are now independent, they still share the administration of certain services with the city of Montreal. The Montreal Agglomeration Council was therefore established to administer, including the public safety , the property assessment , distribution of drinking water and wastewater treatment and solid waste, roads and transit on throughout the island of Montreal. It is composed of the mayor of Montreal, Montreal 15 councilors and 14 mayors and a representative of the reconstituted municipalities of the island of Montreal.
The Montreal City Council is the main decision making body of the city. It is composed of 64 members: the mayor, 19 borough mayors and 45 city councilors. The borough mayors are elected by popular vote among the population of their borough and city councilors are elected by majority vote in a tower in the various electoral districts of the city (each district is divided between 0 and 4 electoral districts).
Nine committees of the board 85 involved public consultations and the receipt of comments and criticisms related to their activity program. They are primarily advisory bodies, so no decision, unlike the executive committee. Their mission is to properly inform and enlighten the choice of city council members and to promote citizen participation in public debates. Each commission consists of seven to nine elected members (other than a representative of the Government of Quebec to the Commission on Public Security), including a Chair and a Vice-President 86 .
Districts
Main online fast cash article: Boroughs of Montreal .
The boroughs of the city of Montreal are 19 in number 87 . Many of them are ancient cities merged in Montreal. The districts are run by the borough council composed of the mayor of the borough of the city councilors of the district and borough councilors, if applicable (districts elect between 0 and 3 borough councilors ) 88 . In total, 19 districts include 39 borough councilors. They are responsible, locally, urban planning, the removal of residual materials, culture, recreation, community development, parks, roads, housing, human resources, prevention of fires, financial management and non-tax pricing 89 .
Territory occupied by the City of Montreal (dark blue) in the center of the Montreal Metropolitan Community (light blue)
Main article: Montreal Metropolitan Community .
Provincial representation
At the provincial level, the representation at the Quebec National Assembly is elected by MPs in the constituencies . Twenty-seven districts are located in Montreal (although some of them overlap Montreal and other cities).
Demographics
Population data for the Greater Montreal, refer to Article Montreal Metropolitan Community
Crowd on Crescent Street at the Grand Prix of Canada 2011 .
Montreal is the most populous city of Quebec , the second largest city of Canada and the center of an agglomeration of nearly 4 million inhabitants 90 , Note 1 . In 2010, there were 1,649,519 Montreal 91 . The average population density in the city of 4517 inhab. / Km 2 . It reached 13 096 inhab. / Km 2 in Le Plateau-Mont-Royal and 18 802 inhab. / km 2 in area Parc-Extension .
The immigration is the main driver of population growth in Montreal. Between 2008 and 2009, the island of Montreal welcomes 40,005 new international immigrants. For the same period, the natural growth brings new 8235 Montreal 92 .
The city’s population is relatively young: in 2006, according to Statistics Canada , the percentage of people aged under 35 is 44% 93 , or 2 points higher than the provincial average, which is 41.8% 93 . The median age is 38.8 years 93 , slightly less than the provincial average (41 years).
Demographic change
The population of the city of Montreal had its main period of growth during the second half of the xix th century and during the first half of the xx th century . During this period the population of the city, not counting the suburbs, increasing from just under 60 000 inhabitants to over one million inhabitants, Montreal is the largest city in Canada until the year 50 .
In addition to the Irish immigration during the xix th century , the industrialization is the main factor in the growth of the city. The inhabitants of the surrounding countryside migrate to the city to work in factories. Most arrivals are French Canadians and English Canadians from rural Quebec, the Ontario and New Brunswick 94 .
Distribution of mother tongue language on the island of Montreal in 2006.
French (majority)
Anglophone (majority)
Allophone (majority)
Francophone (minority)
English (minority)
Allophone (minority)
The majority of people in the Montreal Metropolitan Community (about 70.8%) have French as their mother tongue, a significant proportion (18.9%) of the population is neo-Canadian, having neither French nor English as their native language while about 11.3% are English [ ref. desired] .
On the whole island of Montreal, then changes the finding that about 54% of the population claims French, 29% and 17% English-speaking allophone. However, most citizens have at least a working knowledge of the majority language and most of allophones in French or English as a Second Language [ ref. desired] . Nearly 53% of Montrealers are bilingual English and French, 29% of people speak only French and 13% of Montrealers speak only English (mostly concentrated in the West Island of Montreal).
Some people are able to communicate in either French or English. However, the tendency of new immigrants learn the majority language has accelerated since the introduction of the Charter of the French language during the 1970s . The Italian , the Portuguese , the Spanish and Romanian are the other Romance languages used in lift kit Montreal, the German , the Greek , the Yiddish but also the Berber ( Kabyle ), the Arab , the Cantonese , the Vietnamese and ‘ Hindi are the languages used in Montreal (due to immigration). The use of French at home, in general, increased in the Montreal Metropolitan Community [ ref. desired] . The public speaking continued to decline from 1996 to 2001 . Its share rose from 13.7% in 1996 to 12.8% in 2001 [ ref. desired] . The proportion of Francophones has increased slightly during this five year period, from 67.9% to 69.1% [ ref. desired] .
In addition, 2006 statistics show a trend reversal. Indeed, all boroughs have seen their proportion of French speakers decline since 2001. In five years, this variation is of magnitude depending on the districts, ranging from a 1% increase in Loyola (Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame de Grace) to a 29% decrease in St. Genevieve (borough of Île-Bizard-Sainte-Genevieve) Income Protection Insurance 98 . The decline of French in the city of Montreal is a recurring theme in the French media in Quebec. This must be qualified insofar as the percentage drop is not done for the benefit of a single language but a multitude of languages, the result of hosting large numbers of immigrants whose mother tongue other than French and English. On the other hand, French is the working language of the majority. (66.5% unique responses to the census of 2006) 99 .
Religion
For an overall picture, see Religion in Canada
The Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal
According to data from Statistics Canada in 2001, Montreal is predominantly Catholic , 67% raspberry ketones of the population belong to corporate reputation management this religion 100 . Montrealers no religious affiliation are the second largest group, they represent 10% of the population 100 . The two other major groups, the Muslims and Jews represent 5% and 2% of the population of the city 100 . It also has large communities of Protestant and Orthodox 101 .
While touring the city in 1881, the American writer Mark Twain named Montreal the ” Golden City ” 102 . This illustrates the large amount of Protestant and Roman Catholic churches in the city. By itself, the Diocese of Montreal has over 200 active parishes currently 103 . Montreal also has several important Catholic place of worship such as the St. Joseph’s Oratory , the shrine dedicated to the largest St. Joseph 104 , the Cathedral Marie-Reine-du-Monde , the Notre Dame Basilica and the Basilica St. Patrick . The Catholic cemetery of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges located on the north flank of Mount Royal is the largest cemetery in Canada 105 . The Catholic Church is the majority of his followers within the majority French-Canadian and communities and descendants of original Irish , Italian , Portuguese and Polish and Haitian. The Protestant community is mainly Anglican 106 and the Orthodox community has the majority of its members to the Greek communities, Russian and Romanian.
Almost absent before the second half of the xx th century , the Islam has risen sharply in Quebec since the elimination of racial discrimination in Canadian immigration policies in one thousand nine hundred sixty-two one hundred and seven , 108 . There are now more practicing Muslims than practicing Catholics in Montreal 109 . Between 1991 and 2001, the Muslim population has almost doubled in the city, from 41,000 to 81,000 believers in the space of 10 years 107 , 100 . This trend is mainly due to immigration from Muslim countries , mainly of Algeria , from Morocco , in Tunisia and Lebanon 107 . Unlike France , the Germany or the UK , there is no domination of a Muslim ethnic group especially in Montreal 110 , 70% of Montreal’s Muslim Sunni and 30% Shi’ites 111 . There are just over fifty Muslim place of worship in the greater Montreal region 110 .
Community Jewish ( Jewish secular and Orthodox Jews ) of Montreal, established mainly from the early twentieth century in Montreal , is mainly concentrated in the borough of Outremont, Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grace and St. Lawrence goshawks landlocked cities of Cote St. Luc and Hampstead where they predominate 100 . There are 80,000 Jews in the city of Montreal and more than 120,000 on the island of Montreal 100 .
Montreal is also home to small communities of Buddhists , Sikhs , Baha’is , Jehovah’s Witnesses and Hindus .
Morals and civil rights
Main articles: gay village (Montreal) and the Red Light district of Montreal .
Education
Colleges
Montreal also has several CEGEPs , institutions of public college offering vocational training as well as private colleges. See List of colleges in Greater Montreal .
Universities
The Arts Building of McGill University
The University of Montreal , on the north flank of Mount Royal .
The McGill University , renowned more traditional, is one of the oldest universities in Canada . It is considered one of Canada’s most prestigious universities in the world, among the best universities in North America and the world of those Anglo-Saxon tradition. According to the Times Higher Education Supplement , McGill is the best Canadian university and one of the 20 best in the world.
The university is located near the McGill ghetto , a neighborhood with a high student population. It is associated with Marianopolis College for its music program. The Royal Victoria Hospital , located on the campus, is part, with the Montreal General Hospital , the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC).
The University of Montreal (UdeM) is one of ten major universities in Canada , in addition to being the largest in Quebec [ ref. desired] . It is the first francophone university in Canada and the second largest in the world after the Sorbonne in France . According to the Times Higher Education Supplement , it would be one of the top 100 universities in the world 112 .
The university has two affiliated schools, HEC Montreal and the Ecole Polytechnique in Montreal , both located on campus. The hospital of the University of Montreal (CHUM), which should move downtown in the coming years, currently includes the Hotel Dieu , the Notre-Dame Hospital and the Hospital Saint-Luc .
The Concordia University , renowned modern and open to all, is officially bilingual students may submit their assignments and do their exams in English or French. Concordia is currently expanding with the construction and acquisition of new buildings, the flag of modern computer science, electrical engineering and arts and the historic former convent of the Grey Nuns.
The University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM) is part of the public network of the University of Quebec . Its main campus is located in the heart of Montreal’s Latin Quarter, close to the streets Saint-Denis and Saint Catherine .
It includes several affiliated schools, including the School of Management Sciences (GSS), schools of design , of languages , the TÉLUQ and the Graduate School of Montreal Fashion . The École de technologie supérieure (ETS), the Ecole nationale d’administration publique (ENAP) and the National Institute for Scientific Research (INRS) are in turn affiliated to the network of the University of Quebec .
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Other institutions
The Grande Bibliothèque du Québec , since Berri.
The Grande Bibliothèque du Québec is located in Montreal, including the collection of the Bibliothèque nationale du Québec . It is located in downtown (borough Ville-Marie ), north of the Latin Quarter . Opened on 3 May 2005 , it replaces the old central library located on Sherbrooke Street . It contains in particular the collection Saint-Sulpice , built from the year 1844 , these old books, patrimonial nature, must necessarily be consulted on site. The library has been enriched over the years from private collections, including those of Louis-Joseph Papineau and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine .
The city was designated World Book Capital of 23 April 2005 to 22 April 2006 113 , 114 . On this occasion, she created the Children’s Book prize of Montreal libraries it calls annually since.
Preceded by Montreal Followed by
Antwerp
World Book Capital
2005
Turin
Income and jobs
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Economy
The building of the Bank of Montreal facing the Place d’Armes in Old Montreal .
Main articles: Economy of Montreal , Montreal International Quarter , Multimedia City and Pôle des Rapides .
Second metropolis of Canada , Montreal is a cultural, industrial, commercial and financial very important, whose prosperity is based on “sustained trade of goods with regional and international markets” 115 . She is also an important port city at the mouth of the St. Lawrence Seaway St. Lawrence , which connects the industrial centers of the Great Lakes . As the port ‘s most important eastern Canada , it is a transshipment point for grain , the product oil , machinery and manufactured goods. For this reason, the city is part of the main axis of railways in Canada and remains a very important railroad town 116 .
The city and its immediate area have the most diversified economy in Canada 117 . Montreal industries include telecommunications , the aerospace , the pharmaceutical , the high technology , the higher education (four universities), video games , the textile , the mode , the electronics , the transportation equipment , the tobacco and ‘ printing . Among the important companies known or particularly in the Montreal area include Bombardier , Hydro-Québec , BCE , Power Corporation , the Canadian National , the National Bank of Canada , Air Canada , Rio Tinto Alcan , SNC-Lavalin , Saputo , CGI , Quebecor , Domtar , Air Transat , Transcontinental and Metro Richelieu .
Montreal has a significant stock market, with the Montreal Exchange . Since 7 December 2005 , the Montreal Exchange has united the Chicago Climate Exchange , in the wake of the Conference on the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to create the Montreal Climate Exchange , a market for environmental products 118 .
In addition, several organizations are working to radiation Montreal Economic: the Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal at the consultation of business, Montreal International to attract foreign investors and international organizations as well as Montreal Tourism to promote tourism to Montreal.
Montreal became one of five international centers for development of interactive digital media with 85 companies and 5300 jobs 119 , including Ubisoft , Electronic Arts and Eidos .
In 2010 , Montreal was ranked 19 th car insurance rates in the world for its quality of life according to the magazine British Monocle 120 .
The Port of Montreal, located on the shore of the St. Lawrence River southeast of the island, is the second largest port in Canada after Vancouver, all categories and first in terms of container traffic. It welcomes both ocean-going vessels that smaller boats, bound for the Great Lakes . Freight traffic totaled nearly 26 million metric tons of cargo 121 ,
Clusters
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Statistics
St. Catherine Street , the main commercial artery
In 2011, the unemployment rate is 9.9% on the island of Montreal 122 , with a poverty rate of 30% in the city [ ref. desired] . The highest rates are found in the boroughs of Ville-Marie, Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc Extension, Verdun, South West, Montreal North Lasalle and 123 .
The sectors of the population of Montreal (Island) is 124 :
Production Services: 14.2%;
Distribution Services: 9.2%;
Consumer services: 25%;
Government services, education and health: 20.8%;
Manufacturing sector: 16.8%;
Construction sector: 2.7%.
International organizations
Second largest city UN city and the second consular North America after New York 125 , the city has about 72 seats of international organizations, including 67 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 126 . Among these are, in particular:
The Organization of International Civil Aviation (ICAO), email lists an agency of the United Nations ; It is also in the hemicycle of the organization has held Monday, January 25, 2010 the Montreal Conference on Haiti, bringing together 14 countries and organizations in order to prepare the reconstruction of Haiti.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA);
The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA), an Olympic ;
The Institute for Statistics (UIS).
Culture and Communications
Main articles: Culture in Montreal and Nightlife in Montreal .
Festivals and Events
Main articles: Quartier des Spectacles , Montreal’s Latin Quarter and list of festivals and events in Montreal .
Tam-tams on Mount Royal
Feast of Mid-Autumn in the botanical garden
Many festivals are held annually in Montreal 127 . Given the inclement winter, the majority of them occur during the summer, such as the International Jazz Festival of Montreal held for over thirty years 128 , the FrancoFolies de Montreal , the Festival International Nuits d Africa and the Festival Juste pour rire 127 . But some festivals are held throughout the winter, especially the Montreal High Lights Festival 129 and Art Underground .
On the occasion of the Jazz Festival, large sections of downtown streets are closed to make way for outdoor scenes, places of free shows, and pedestrian traffic. The city also has many music and film festivals. In addition, each summer Sunday sunny, a number of people gather for the Tam-tams du Mont Royal , go and intercultural music very popular, especially among young people. The center of the gathering is the monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier, Mont-Royal Park .
Tourism and attractions
Main articles: Tourism in Montreal , Old Montreal and the Museum Quarter .
Traveler’s Digest and AskMen.com ranked Montreal among the “29 cities to visit” the world 130 .
South of the island, the Old Montreal , in the historic district in 1964 131 , is the historic center and home to many attractions including the Old Port , the Jacques Cartier Square , the city hall , the place Armes , and Notre Dame Basilica .
Downtown Montreal
The downtown Montreal has several skyscrapers like the modern La Gauchetière 1000 , the 1250 Rene-Levesque , the CIBC tower , and the Stock Exchange Tower . Highest were built in 1961-62 and 1992. In 1928 a building exceeds the first 100 meters , with the Royal Bank Building ( 121 meters , 22 floors), surpassed height of one meter by the Sun Life Building in 1931 132 . The first skyscraper inaugurating the ” International Style “in Montreal, while exceeding 100 meters in height is the Telus Tower 133 . The most famous tour of the city is the Place Ville Marie , designed by architect IM Pei ( 1962 ), the first skyscraper to exceed 150 meters (43 floors, 188.1 meters ), whose construction began with moving from downtown in its present site. This cross-shaped tower sits above an underground shopping mall which is the hub of the Underground City , one of the largest in the world. It provides access to hundreds of shops, restaurants, offices and shops inside, as well as subway and major transportation terminals, all protected from the weather. Only seven out buildings exceed the antenna 150 meters high, and one the 200 meters , 1000 de la Gauchetière with 205 meters 134 .
The Olympic Park 135 is located in the east of the city 136 . It includes the Biodome (modern museum and permanent laboratory in ecology), the Insectarium and the Botanical Garden , the second largest in the world after that of Kew , in England . The city of Montreal also has a planetarium and a museum dedicated to the environment, the biosphere . Many festivals are held annually in Montreal.
With its gay neighborhood, the Village , the largest district of its kind in North America and one of the biggest in the world, Montreal is one of the poles of life gay and lesbian in Canada. Montreal was chosen, between 1999 and 2000 , in order to join the select group of gay world capitals, including in 1999 the cities of Montreal, Paris , Munich , Manchester , Sydney and in 2000, Amsterdam , Berlin , Manchester . In 2006 , it hosted the first World Outgames (Olympics LGBT ) 137 .
A panoramic photo of the city, making the Chalet du Mont Royal at the top of the mountain in Montreal
Montreal underground
Related article: Montreal underground .
The RESO, the inland city of Montreal to the subway between Peel and McGill
The Montreal Underground (RESO), or inner city , is a popular urban alternative to climate extremes of winter cold and wet summer. In fact, Montreal has more than 30 km of underground walkways to get to major attractions and downtown buildings (station Lucien L’Allier (Montreal Metro) until Sciences Complex Pierre-Dansereau the UQAM ) without ever being exposed to the elements. It would be the largest underground network in the world 138 .
Cultural Venues
Fountain on the esplanade of Place des Arts
Montreal is an important center of Quebec culture and is internationally recognized for its cultural. The cultural complex of the Place des Arts houses the Museum of Contemporary Art and several theaters. It is the headquarters of the Montreal Opera and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra . The latter should receive a special room built on an adjacent site in the coming years.
Museums and theaters
Main articles: List of museums and theaters in Montreal and Montreal’s Nature Museums .
The city has many museums, most of which are grouped in the company of Montreal Museum Directors which aims to promote themselves and participate in development 139 , 140 . These museums are just as exhibits on science, history, fine arts and cultural heritage 141 . Note from these two institutions museums whose theme is the Art Museum of Fine Arts in Montreal and the Museum of Contemporary Art of Montreal . The theme of the story is the exhibition center of Pointe-à-Callière Museum of Archaeology and History of Montreal , the Stewart Museum or Chateau Ramezay . Heritage is addressed by several museums, including the Marguerite-Bourgeoys Museum , the Maison Saint-Gabriel and museum master craftsmen and Quebec . The theme of science is at the heart of exhibitions Science Centre Montreal , the Montreal Biosphere and four science-based museums administered by the city of Montreal and grouped within Montreal’s Nature Museums 142 .
Montreal also has many theaters including the list keeps growing for thirty years. Of these, there are particularly the St-Denis Theatre , the Theatre du Rideau Vert , or the theater of the New air bed reviews World , founded in 1951 . In dance, note that Montreal is an important place of creation and dissemination. Among the most important places in contemporary dance in Montreal include the Agora de la danse .
Public art
Main article: List of public art in Montreal .
Monument to George-Étienne Cartier
Public art in the city mainly refers to one or other of its cultures Francophone or Anglophone . The Society of Our Lady of Montreal who founded Ville-Marie is commemorated by an obelisk at the Place d’Youville and its principal founder, Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve , a statue (the monument to Maisonneuve ) in the center of the place Armes .
The days of French explorers is commemorated by the preservation of two of their houses. That of Laumet Antoine de la Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac , founder of the city of Detroit to the United States , is located at the corner of Notre Dame and St. Lawrence . That of Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle , famous explorer of the region of Mississippi , is located at the corner of St. Paul and St. Peter’s in Old Montreal.
Claude de Ramezay, now governor of Montreal in 1704, built chiropractic seminars himself a house next year that would later become the headquarters of the invading army of American rebels, then a court of law, and that an educational establishment to finally become a permanent museum in 1895. The structure has often been reworked and expanded, including the addition in 1903 of the turret which gives the building its shape and the major renovation of the 1970s that solidified the foundations. Located at the corner of Notre Dame and Saint-Claude, right in front of City Hall, the Musée du Chateau Ramezay is an important place in Montreal history.
The transition to British rule is commemorated by the Nelson Column , one of the most controversial monuments of the city, located on Place Jacques-Cartier and for some representative referred the imperialist British , and the statue of Queen Victoria , at Victoria Square . A reminder of old Canadian is on the Patriot’s House , rue Saint-Paul in Old Montreal . A monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier , a Father of Confederation, the throne at the entrance to the Parc du Mont-Royal (the monument to George-Étienne Cartier ).
The Catholicism is an integral part of culture in Montreal and Quebec. The Pietà , dating from 1855 and located in the La Pietà Mausoleum of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges , which is a scale replica of the sculpture of Michelangelo in St. Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican .
Religious heritage
Main article: List of religious heritage of Montreal .
Inside the Basilica Notre-Dame in Montreal .
Religion, which was the reason for the founding of the city, in Montreal has a rich and very complex, having expanded over the years many beliefs, besides Catholicism. The town is indeed famous for its wealth of temples and churches of all denomination, which earned him the xix th century the nickname “Golden City”.
Among the most important buildings historically found including the St. Joseph’s Oratory , the largest church dedicated to this saint in the world, the Chapel of Our Lady of Good Help , the first stone chapel and the Montreal Notre-Dame Basilica , the second largest church in America .
Houses of Culture
Main article: Houses of culture in Montreal .
Inspired by the French concept of Maison de la Culture , the 12 houses of culture in Montreal offer over 25 years a program of events, performances and exhibitions for which admission is often free.
Since 2002, this network has expanded and now includes 24 broadcasters (including 2 metropolitan broadcasters: La Chapelle historique du Bon-Pasteur and -air theater ) in 19 districts of Montreal. His name: access network culture. Its members are for example: Theatre Outremont , Salle Jean-Grimaldi, The Warehouse, Verdun Cultural Centre. Diagnosis and action plan for a period of four years (2010-2014) are being considered by the City of Montreal. Recommendations for action were filed in the Executive Committee of the City of Montreal in September 2010.
Other
Other highlights of Montreal’s cultural life are the Agora de la danse , the Holocaust Memorial Center , Tohu, the City of Circus Arts and the Segal Centre for Performing Arts .
Sports
Main article: Sport in Montreal .
Olympic Stadium , where the tower was completed after the Olympics
Canadian Grand Prix on the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
The 11 th World Championships FINA , 2005
Sporting events
During its history, Montreal has hosted several major sporting events including the Summer Olympics of 1976 , the World Championships of fencing in 1967 , of track cycling in 1974, of rowing in 1984, of swimming in 2005 , the Rogers Cup tennis, the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula 1 .
Olympics:
the Summer Olympics of 1976 143 , 144 .
Automotive racing
Canadian Grand Prix of Formula 1 (on the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve ) from 1978 to 2008 145 . After a hiatus in 2009, the Canadian Grand Prix takes place again in June 2010 146 ;
Nascar Nationwide Series (on the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve ), since 2007 147 ;
NASCAR Canadian Tire Series (at the Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve), since 2007 148 .
Cycling:
The Women’s World Cup Cycling of Montreal , since 1998
The Tour of the island of Montreal , since 1985
The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montreal (the UCI Pro Tour), since 2010
Golf:
The Montreal Championship Circuit Champions Tour PGA Tour moved to Montreal in 2010 and that, for several consecutive years 149 . (There have been editions of 1904, 1908, 1913, 1926, 1935, 1946, 1950, 1956, 1959, 1967, 1997 and 2001 – but never devoted a tournament in Montreal for several years).
7 th Presidents Cup , the 27 to 30 September 2007 .
Marathon:
The Marathon of Montreal , since 2003 150 .
Swimming:
XI th World Swimming Championships 2005 FINA from 17 to 31 July 2005 151 , 152 .
Soccer:
World Cup football under 20 in 2007 (10 games jullet 2007) 153 .
Tennis:
Tennis Masters Canada , since 1989. In even years, Montreal receives women ( JASCAS.com WTA ), while odd-numbered years, Montreal receives men ( ATP ) in 2009, the Rogers Cup tournament set an attendance record, becoming the first week-long tournament to attract a crowd of over 200,000 spectators. It was also the first time that the eight best players in the world, ranked by ATP, all met in the quarter-final.
Quebec Games:
Montreal hosted the Games in Quebec during the winters 1972 , 1977 , 1983 and summers 1997 and 2001 .
World Outgames:
Montreal hosted the first World Outgames gays from 29 July to 5 August 2006 under the name Visit Montreal in 2006 .
Major sports teams
Professional sport in Montreal is an essential dimension of the integration of Montreal North American continent. Montreal has several professional sports teams that are franchises of major continental leagues.
Current major sports franchises:
Club League Pregnant Foundation Championships
Montrealers practice several types of sports on a recreational basis due to the presence of many amateur sports club and local sports associations. The popularity of sports is also encouraged by the existence of a network of outdoor fields and indoor facilities (arena, gymnasium, indoor soccer field) 155 . In winter, rings and ice rinks are set up outside 156 . The Beaver Lake 157 , 158 on the Mont-Royal and the ice ring in the old port 159 allowing Montrealers to revive the practice of skating in a family atmosphere. The skiing is also a popular activity and many hundreds of kilometers of marked trails are maintained by the city in parks 160 .
Symbols of Montreal
Main articles: Coat of arms of Montreal , Montreal Flag and Logo of Montreal .
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Celebrities
Main article: List of people born in Montreal .
Many celebrities are from the Greater Montreal. Among them include the jazzmen Oscar Peterson , Oliver Jones , Maynard Ferguson , actress Jessalyn Gilsig , singers like Leonard Cohen , Michel Rivard , Lucien Francoeur , Robert Charlebois , Shawn Drover , Claude Dubois , Diane Dufresne , and Kate Anna McGarrigle , Rufus Wainwright , Martha Wainwright , and Mylène Farmer who recently lived, of Montreal bands like Mahogany Rush , Simple Plan and Arcade Fire have achieved a worldwide reputation, the poet Emile Nelligan , the novelist Hubert Aquin, the ex- Premier Jacques Parizeau , the former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau , the writer and politician, Jacques Hébert , the player Tennis Mary Pierce , the astrophysicist and environmentalist Hubert Reeves or the writer Saul Bellow , Nobel Prize literature , the author and anti-globalization activist Naomi Klein , the Canadian hero of the Chinese revolution Norman Bethune , and one of the actors from the series Star Trek William Shatner . In the world of music, Isabelle Boulay (Sainte-Felicite, Gaspésie), DJ Daniel Desnoyers , DJ Champion , Aut’Chose , Sam Roberts , Voivod and Celine Dion (born in Charlemagne , but associated with Montreal on the international stage) are well known.